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English Words from OTHER Languages

Foreword

Some learners of English may wonder why we have so many words, which apparently mean the same thing (synonyms) in English and whether they are really necessary.  I have wondered so myself in the study of English (my mother tongue).  Of course part of the reason for having so many words is the influence of the conquerors of the British Isles. [See History of English page].  But another part of the reason is that words are "borrowed" from other languages when Enlgish lacks lexis for the semantics to be expressed.  This page will not show those words which come from Latin or Greek.  Those are on another page [see my Latin and Greek Morphemes Page].  Of course, I don't know everything, so this is a work in progress, and you'd like to contribute, please contact me.

 

Table of Contents

American Aborigine Words

Arabic Words

Chinese Words

Dutch Words

French Words

German Words

Indian Words

Japanese Words

Korean Words

Mongolian Words

Russian Words

Spanish Words

 

 

American Aboriginal Words
mocassins [from Algonquian Aborigines] soft leather shoes
mohawk [from Algonquian Aborigines] a hair style where the sides of the head are shaved
squaw [from Algonquian Aborigines] a woman; generally an aboriginal woman
tepee [from the Dakota Aborigines] a tent
squash [from Algonquian Aborigines] an edible gourd (not sweet)
tobacco [probably from the Tain Aborigines, during Columbus's day]
tomahawk [from Algonquian Aborigines] an ax
totem  [from Northwestern Aborigines] "clan"
totem pole:  a pole depicting one's clan's ancestors
totemism:  the making of statues of one's ancestors, and paying respects to one's ancestors
 
Arabic Words
adobe:  brick made from clay or mud
al qaeda (al qaida):  "the captain"
alcohol:  fermented fruits
Allah:  God
check:  "Check!"  [in the game of chess]
ghoul:  evil spirit
jihad:  holy war
Koran:  holy book containing words of the prophet
massage:  rub, stroke
mogul: [from Mongolian Langauge:  "Mongol"]  a great, powerful person [comes from the days when the Mongols were great conquerers].  Example:  Bill Gates is an I.T. mogul.
monsoon:  season (season of wind)
Quran:  same as Koran
zero:  0
 
Chinese Words
chi:  body energy waves
kung fu:  a martial art
kowtow:  [ > ko tou (strike one's head)] to kneel & bow AND act in an obsequious manner 
qi:  same as chi [this is new pinyin, pronunciation is same as "chi"]
tai chi:  a Chinese art of channeling one's body energy
Tao:  "Way"
Taoism:  a religion, based upon a mixture of the teachings of Lao Tsu and ancient arts/sciences of China
Taoist:  a person who follows taoism
typhoon:  a hurricane
 
Dutch Words
brick:  something made into a hexahedron, usually clay or mud
monsoon [from Arabic, then Dutch, then English]:  season (season to sail)
pinky:  one's little finger
yacht:  a kind of boat (used for pleasure)
for a more complete list, click here.
 
French Words
a la carte: "to the card(paper)":  using paper plates, bowls, etc. AND, self-service
a la mode: "to the fashion":  ((pie)) topped with ice cream
adieu: "to God":  goodbye
antique:  very old thing
ballet:  a French style of dancing
boutique:  a shop 
briquette:  a small brick
buffet:  a counter/table where lots of food is laid out, and people pay one set fee to eat as much as they want
bureau: "drawer"; a chest of drawers; a government department/office
canteen:  a bottle, used for hiking/camping
carte blanche: "white paper", i.e., "blank cheque"
c'est la vie:  "such'is the life":  That's life!
champagne:  white, sparkling grape wine
chateau: small house
chauffeur:  driver (paid driver)
cheque (check):  [from Persian: king]
cigarette:  little cigar
cognizance:  knowledge [from Latin: cognition]
crap:  unwanted stuff; excrement
crepe:  a thin pancake
croquette:  a French game
faux pas: "false step":  a social mistake
fiance:  a man who is engaged to be married
fiancee: a woman who is engaged to be married
hors d'oeuvres:  appetizers 
ma'am: shortened form of madam; Mistress
madam:  old: mistress; new: head woman manager/owner of a whore house
massage:  [from Arabic to French to English] to rub and stroke, for medical purposes
masseur:  a man who massages
masseuse: a woman who massages
mess:  meal
mess hall:  dining hall
mess kit:  a kit of dishes and pots for camping
mister [dictionary says it is an alteration of Master, but I wonder if it is not an alteration of Misseur].
mode:  fashion
model:  a woman who displays new fashions
piss:  urine
rendezvous:  meeting place
respondez si'l vous plait: "RSVP": Respond, If You Please.
toupe:  man's wig
touque:  a kind of hat (for winter)
vis a vis:  face to face
 
German Words
kindergarten:  "Child Garden":  a school for children aged five
 
Hebrew Words
el(ohim):  god(s)
kaballa(h):  a collection of esoteric doctrines
messiah:  savior / saviour
qaballa(h):  same is kaballah
rabbi:  religious teacher
sabbath:  the seventh day of the week;  day of rest
sabbatical:  a seventh year; year of rest
Satan:  king of the devils
 
Indian Words
buddha:  enlightened one
Buddha:  The Enlightened One
Buddhism:  the teachings of Buddha (made into a religion)
Buddhist:  one who follows the teachings of Buddha
caste:  class of society
guru:  a religious teacher
Hindu:  a disciple of Hinduism
Hinduism:  the oldest religion on the planet (from India)
karma:  the bad effects of one's bad actions
nirvana:  escape from karma; bliss
pariah:  [from Tamil to Indian] person of the lowest caste; [...but in English:] an outcast
prana:  body energy waves
sanskrit:  the written language of India
sutras:  holy manuals on various aspects of life
swami:  a title for a religious leader
veda:  holy books, first known scripture on the planet
yoga:  like Zen, the way of getting in touch with the "true self"
 
Japanese Words
ginkgo:  a kind of gymnosperm (naked seed) tree; also the seed
ginseng:  a kind of herbal root
karaoke:  a singing room
ramen:  a kind of noodle soup
sake:  rice wine
saionara:  "goodbye"
sushi:  raw fish
Zen:  the way of getting in touch with the "true self" (Buddhist word)  same as "yoga"
 
Korean Words
chaebol:  a family-owned conglomerate
kimchi:  spicy, fermented vegetables
soju:  a whisky made from sweet potatoes
tae kwon do:  a martial art
 
Mongolian Words
mogul: [ > Mongol]  OBSOLETE MEANING:  a person from one of the great conquering tribes, e.g., Mongolians, Turks, Persians.  NEW MEANING:  any great and powerful person
 
Russian Words
comrad:  friend
vodka:  a whisky made from potatoes
 
Spanish Words
adios:  "To God":  Goodbye
adobe [from Arabic, then Spanish, then English] brick made from clay or mud
amigo:  friend
cigar:  rolled tobacco
hasta la vista, baby!:  "Until the view", baby!:  Until I see you again
hola:  Hello
no problemo!:  [from "no problema"]:  no problem
tequila:  a kind of brandy made from the wine of a fruit of a cactus that grows in Mexico
 
Swedish Words
smorgasbord: same as buffet (see French words)